CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Discovery of cells
_______________ - first saw cells in 1660's while looking at a piece of cork.
_______________ - discovered that organisms are made of ___________
_______________ - dicovered that cells contain a _______________
_______________ - discovered that cells contain a jellylike fluid
_______________ - discovered that all _________ are composed of living cells.
_______________ - discovered that all ______________ are made of cells.
_______________ - said cells come from other living cells.
THE CELL THEORY:
1. All organisms are made of ________________.
2. Cells are the unit of ____________ and function in all living things.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
SIZE AND SHAPE OF CELLS:
Mycoplasmas - smallest cells (0.1-0.3 micrometers)
Large bacteria (1-5 micrometers)
Shape is related to function:
Nerve cells = long and thin
Skin cells = flat
CELL STRUCTURE:
Cell Membrane:
Cell membrane (also called _______________) regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
_______________ = found only in plant cells; it aids in support and protection by forming a thicker wall around the cell membrane.
_______________: 2 primary functions
1. Controls ____________ activities
2. Transmits _____________ information
Surrounded by a nuclear membrane containing pores and contains:
_______________ - nucleus inside the nucleus; it helps in protein production
_______________ - threadlike strands of DNA that condense to form the chromosomes.
Cytoplasm & Organelles
_______________= fluid within the cells.
_______________ - "little organs" structures inside the cell that carry on different cell processes.
_______________ (E.R.) - A series of interconnecting, flattened sacs and tubes that serves as a transportation system inside the cell.
___________ endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no _______ and helps build the cell (plasma) membrane.
_______________ = "protein factories"
Some are attached to the rough E.R. Others are free-floating in the cytoplasm. Protein synthesis occurs here.
_______________ - tiny flattened sacs which accumulate, package, store, and export chemicals produced in the cell, such as mucus and saliva.
_______________ - "powerhouse of the cell"; Complicated chemical reactions occur here that produce energy for the cell by breaking down food.
Mitochondria contain many folded membranes.
_______________ - chemical storehouses in the cell
_______________ - bubble-like structures that store water, liquids, waste materials, or food.
_______________ - often called "suicide sacs" these contain digesting enzymes used to break down food. White blood cells in our body use them to digest bacteria.
_______________ - long slender tubes that help support the cell (like a skeletal system)
_______________ - temporary microtubules that appear during cell division to move chromosomes
through the cytoplasm.
_______________ - small dark bodies located outside the nucleus that aid in cell division.
_______________ - hairlike projections that in movement of cells;