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___________ = the scientific study of ___________.
______ = units on the _______ molecule that contain instructions for making
proteins in the body.
_______ = "father of heredity"
• Born in _________ in 1800's
• Was a ___________ in the monastery school
• Used the monastery ________ to conduct experiments on how traits are
inherited
• Identified _________ different characteristics of garden _____ which had
varying traits.
____________: Tall or short
____________: Round or wrinkled
____________: Yellow or green
____________: Colored or white
____________: Inflated or constricted
____________: Green or yellow
____________: Axial or terminal
Mendel's Experiment:
• Mendel bred plants that were ____________ for each of the traits.
• He concentrated on ____________ trait at a time.
• He used ____________ to breed different plants together.
• Original parent plants are called ____________ generation.
• Offspring are called the ____________ generation (filial means son).
• Offspring of the F1 generation are called the ____________.
• Mendel kept records on ____________ of plants.
Mendels Results:
When the P1 generation crossed tall with short, ____________ of the F1 generation came
out tall.
He allowed the F1 generation to ____________.
The F2 generation came out ____________ tall:
____________ tall; ____________ short.
When he examined the other characteristics as well, he found that one trait
always ____________ in the F1 generation but always returned in ____________ of the F2
generation.
Mendel's Conclusions:
• First Hypothesis: Inherited characteristics are controlled by factors that
occur in ____________.
• Second Hypothesis: One pair of the factor may mask the other. This is
usually called the principle of ____________ and ____________.
• Third Hypothesis: A pair of factors is ____________ during the formation of
____________. (The law of segregation).
• Fourth Hypothesis: Factors are ____________ and distributed to gametes
____________ of the other factor pairs (the Law of independent
assortment).
A Modern Explanation:
• Mendel's factors are the ____________.
• Since genes are on ____________, and chromosomes are in ____________, then
genes are in pairs (Mendel's first hypothesis).
• Some genes are ____________; some are recessive (Mendel's 2nd
hypothesis).
• Genes are separated during ____________ (Mendel's 3rd hypothesis).
• Genes on different ____________ are inherited indepently (Mendel's
4th hypothesis).
Genetic terms:
• ____________ = one trait masks another.
• ____________ = a trait that is masked by another.
• ____________ = the particular combination of genes an organism has
• ____________ = the effect caused by the genes (appearance).
• ____________ = both members of a gene pair are alike
• ____________ = the two genes of a pair are different (Also called hybrid)
• ____________ = genes that have contrasting effects on a characteristic. Tall and
short are alleles of each other.
• ____________ = neither trait masks the other (both are
expressed)
• ____________ crosses = only one pair of traits is crossed.
• ____________ crosses = two pairs of traits
• ____________ crosses = 3 pairs of traits
• ____________ = crosses an individual with another that is homozygous for the recessive trait to see if the first is homozygous or heterozygous.
____________ squares and Probability
R.C. Punnett developed a method of predicting the probability of a certain cross by using a ____________.
The punnett square shows the possible ____________ combinations and the ____________ that a combination will occur.
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